Energy Poverty Map: Online Survey System of the Indoor Environmental Quality for Energy Poverty in South Korea

As the energy poverty cannot afford the energy expenditure, their indoor environmental quality (IEQ) was affected by diverse problems from low energy efficient residential buildings. Thus, it is important to identify IEQ of energy poverty`s residential buildings to improve their well-being. However, there is no specific and diverse data on the IEQ of energy poverty in low-income housing in South Korea due to the difficulty of reaching many households and managing an amount of survey data. This study aims to establish an online survey system that provides the IEQ questionnaires and analyzes the IEQ data of energy poverty in low-income housing. In this study, we developed a web-based survey system and an energy poverty map. By using the system, a pilot survey was conducted in five cities in South Korea during the summer and winter seasons in 2020. Due to the difficulty to have easy access to the low-income village during the Covid-19, researchers have collaborated with Korean Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) who could be access to energy poverty dwellings. Through a pilot case study, NGO`s members have collected 600 dwellings data and descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The following analysis will be conducted through the accumulated database. First, future study will conduct a correlation analysis between the econometric and demographic characteristics of energy poverty using this database. In addition, future study measures should include expanding household data to identify a large enough number of user patterns that can be considered representative of energy poverty. Second, the energy poverty map can be used to identify neighborhoods with low income, social weakness, and poor buildings in the policy decision-making process.

Mobile Games at the Edge: A Performance Evaluation to Guide Resource Capacity Planning

Mobile games are very popular among young generations, especially during the worldwide Covid-19 pandemic. The pandemic has caused an enormous increase in data transactions and computation over the Internet. Computing for games often consumes a vast amount of computational resources. Nowadays, mobile devices require heavy computing tasks. For this reason, edge computing resources are essentially needed in the game industry for non-latency data transactions. However, edge computing involves many aspects that make its architecture highly complex to evaluate. Pure performance evaluation of such computing systems is necessary for real-world mobile edge computing systems (MEC) in the game industry. This paper proposes a closed queuing network to evaluate the performance of a game execution scenario in MEC. The model permits the evaluation of the following metrics: mean response time, drop rate, and utilization level. The results indicate that the variation in the number of physical machines (PM) and virtual machines (VM) has a similar impact on the system's overall performance. The results also show that dropped messages can be avoided by making small calibrations on the capabilities of the VM/PM resources. Finally, this study seeks to assist the development of game computing systems at MEC without the need for prior expenses with real infrastructures.

Pre-crisis commitment human resource management and employees' attitudes in a global pandemic: The role of trust in the government

Studies of human resource management (HRM) have produced plentiful results on commitment HRM, but its effects during a crisis have rarely been examined. Incorporating the commitment HRM view and the cognitive phenomenological framework, we examined whether and how commitment HRM practices implemented prior to the COVID-19 mitigate employees' negative cognitive evaluations and attitudes during the pandemic. Moreover, a pandemic is a situation that requires strong government interventions, and we further examined whether employees' trust in the government would play a moderating role in explaining the effects of commitment HRM. With a multilevel framework, we measured commitment HRM via an analysis of big data provided online prior to the pandemic and matched the information to employees' responses collected from a survey after the outbreak of the pandemic. With data from 1010 employees and 52 companies, we found that employees in organizations with a higher utilization of commitment HRM showed less threat appraisals. Moreover, those experiencing fewer threat appraisals showed more commitment to their organizations. In addition, we found that the negative link between a company's commitment HRM and its employees' threat appraisals was pronounced when they had a lower level of trust in the government. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Possibility of the transition to rhizome-type library in the post covid-19 era

The purpose of this study was to explore the possibilities of the transition to the Rhizome-type Library in post COVID-19 era. The cases and theories were considered to understand the characteristics of the Rhizome-type Spatial Structure. The spatial structure of the Rhizome-type Library has De-centrality, Independence, Diversity and partly De-hierarchicality, De-territorialisation, Nomadic, Ambiguity, Conjunctivity. The results of this study were as follows;First, the Rhizome-type Library will be easy to access the neighborhood, which will facilitate the convenience of users. Second, the Rhizome-type Library can be placed in very small places in the neighborhood and provide variety of services and also personal space for reading, learning, and works. Third, the Rhizome-type Library has flexible and changeable spatial forms and the form can be customized. And lastly, the Rhizome-type Library has the potential to evolve to include the functions of other Public Service Facilities, so the Rhizome-type Library can be used as an alternative to large Public Service Facilities in unexpected disaster situations, such as COVID-19. In conclusion, the Rhizome-type Library could be a way to change the paradigm of library service and space in the post COVID-19 era. © 2021 Architectural Institute of Korea.

Nationalism, consolidation, and rationalization in the aviation industry

This chapter details how governments, especially in Asia, have supported the airline industry during the Covid-19 crisis. The Covid-19 pandemic has taken a tremendous toll on the global economy, and the airline industry was hit hard by the global crisis. Although the airline industry has always been vulnerable to external shocks such as wars, disease outbreaks, and the 9/11 terrorist attacks, none of them has affected the airline industry to the degree of Covid-19. Indeed, the steep decline in air travel in the early stages of the pandemic, followed by the progressive closure of borders in early 2020, presented the airline industry with an unprecedented existential threat. The chapter then analyzes how Covid-19 changed and will continue to change the industry, outlining three key mega-trends: nationalization, consolidation, and rationalization. © the several contributors 2021.

Zero Phase Filter Design and System Study for Improved Handling of ankle PPG Signals

One of the areas of steady interest in modern society is health. In addition, in order to keep the individual's health at its best, the healthcare device market is undergoing many trials and developments. The latest threat to COVID-19 is a major threat to heart disease patients, and it is time for continuous monitoring technology to be needed to prevent it. In particular, PPG sensor technology is relatively commercialized amid various attempts to analyze cardiovascular conditions. In general, we prefer to measure signals from fingers and wrists, which have a stable advantage in obtaining signals. However, there are cases where it is not suitable for the user's lifestyle, which creates inconvenience. In this study, signal is measured from the ankles to minimize the inconvenience that users may experience when wearing them. And IIR Filter is applied for stable signal acquisition and analysis. Phase Delay, one of the disadvantages of this, is an unnecessary factor in real-time analysis. Zero Phase Filter is designed and applied to the system for further signal analysis. The results of the study compared three types of raw data, IIR Filter data, and Zero Phase Filter data acquired from PPG sensors, and were able to confirm the tendency of Zero Phase Filter data to match the peak points of raw data relative to IIR Filter data. The above results indicate the tendency for in-depth analysis of signals free from Phase Delay in the real-time acquisition of ankle PPG signals. Through peak-to-peak analysis and deep development of algorithms, various applications are expected to be possible by designing stress estimation and fatigue estimation systems that do not constrain users' upper bodies. © 2021 Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers. All rights reserved.